The military justice system includes three types of courts: summary court-martial, special court-martial, and general court-martial. Summary court-martials handle minor offenses, special court-martials deal with intermediate-level offenses, and general court-martials handle the most serious offenses, similar to felony trials in civilian courts.

Under the UCMJ, service members have rights such as the right to remain silent, the right to be informed of charges, the right to legal representation, and the right to a fair and impartial trial. These rights are designed to ensure due process and protect service members' legal interests.